| After
the Morean War, at the end of the 17th century, brothers
Ivan Petar, Juraj and Ivan Marchi submitted to the Republic
of Venice their plan for the colonisation and defence
of the western bays of Šolta.
They
sent a request to the governor Alvis Mocenigo III to
let them build a tower in the bay of Maslinica on Šolta,
and around it a village with a church. The Venetian
authorities regarded the colonisation of the desolate
bays with approval, because the new settlers farmed
and cultivated the neglected land and, in case of pirate
attacks, they defended the port and the inland of the
island.
By
a decree issued on August 25 in 1703, Venice gave its
permission for the construction of the tower, village
and a church and allotted 200 acres of land on the condition
that the Split community should agree with that, since
the estate was on its communal territory.
Šolta
was an important estate of the city of Split because
it was a place for rearing cattle and a source of agricultural
crops as well as a possible refuge. That’s why the Marchi
family asked from the Split Great Council to give them
on lease 100 acres of land so that the settlers could
cultivate it and guard the bay that had an open access
to Donje Selo. Namely, during the Morean War, Turks
from Ulcinj trespassed with their ships the unprotected
bays like Maslinica and in the year 1696 they robbed
Donje Selo and took to slavery 64 people.
Not
many inhabitants were capable of work because grown
men were recruited to the army or worked as oarsmen
on the galleys. Therefore, the land was mostly cultivated
by women, children and the elderly. The depopulation
of Šolta, the exposure to pirate attacks and the vicinity
of the Turkish border near Split have all contributed
to the organised colonisation. The Marchi brothers brought
people from the continental parts of the region like
Dalmatinska Zagora, Zaostrog and Prugovo.
The
beginning of the Marchi family constructions goes back
to 1706 when they built the votive chapel above the
bay of Maslinica in memory of their grandfather Nikola,
dedicating it to St Nicholas, the protector of sailors.
The
chapel was built on a strategically prominent position
which had always served for observation and control
of the ships passing in the channel and in the nearby
bays. A path from the church lead down to the castle
in the bay, and it passed just along its western façade.
The castle was constructed two years after the chapel
of St Nicholas. It took a lot of preparatory work, as
well as strong efforts of the colonists, who have dug
out a considerable area of the hill and extracted stone
on the spot, using it for the construction of the defence
walls around the future castle. The castle was conceived
as a military fort with a spacious inside yard and a
prominent tower at the back, as its last point of defence.
On
the castle’s façade above the main entrance, there is
a plaque with an inscription in Latin which commemorates
the construction of the castle and presents the Marchi
brothers as benefactors and founders of the first village
in the port:
| QVO
NAVTIS AD OLIVE POR
TVM APVLVS TVTIORFO
RFT TEMPLVM RELIGIONI
AQVARVM RECEPTACVLVM
NECESSITVDINI SVE FOSSO
MONTE DEDVCTIS COLONIS IM
PENSIS INGENTIBVS .. TRVXE
RVNT COMS FRATRES
ANNO DNI MDCCVIII |
To
secure for the sailors
A safe port at Maslinica
Dukes and brothers have built
A temple to the faith, a water collector
For their own needs they’ve dug out a hill.
And populated the land with settlers,
At great expenses,
In AD 1708.
|
Since
the Marchi family didn’t have any male descendants,
in his will Ivan Petar left his whole property to the
heirs of his sister Domenika who was married to the
Split nobleman Ivan Alberti, that is, to the children
of her daughter Vicenza, who was married to Ivan Martinis
from Bol, on the condition that they carry the surname
Martinis-Marchi.
However,
at the end of the 19th century, the Alberti family,
burdened with debts, started selling off its rich inventory,
therefore the castle as well, which they were forced
to sell to a certain Karl Bay from Split. For decades,
the castle had been neglected and left to ruin, until
the 60ies when it was inadequately restored and turned
into a hotel. As a result, it totally lost its previous
interior arrangement and the look of the rooms.
It
wasn’t until 2002 that the complete renovation of the
castle had started under the strict supervision and
instructions of conservationists. By the end of 2004,
the castle got back its old, deserved glow.
|